DISSECTION

     

            Dissection in Latin means "to cut to pieces". Dissection is the process of observing something to determine its internal structure and finding out about the functions and relationships of its components. As the pig is a mammal, many aspects of its structural and functional organization are identical with those of other mammals, including humans. Thus, a study of the fetal pig is like study of humans.  By dissection students will learn better and can remember more easily and they will put themselves in a real situation. In university students will spend most of their time on dissection so it will be a start for all of those biology students to figure out if they like biology or not. Dissection is a powerful teaching method, especially for concrete thinkers and visual learners.  Also another important point of this dissection is that students will learn how to work in a group and in intense situations. This activity will give students a chance to use some dissection tools such as scalpel, scissors, razor and so on. In this dissection I personally learned how to use tools of dissection since in cutting some of the parts such as skull were very important and if I pressed it so hard I would break the skull and damage the brain. This will be a practice for all of the students to gain the ability to control the usage of   tools.  The fact that this mammal has lots of structure like humans was interesting, As a matter of fact I was able to find out and learn about my own structures as well. These are some steps of our group’s dissection.

      

    

“Kerbs Cycle”

                                             “Kerbs Cycle”

1) Pyruvate in cytosol will go through reactions and will convert to 2 carbon molecules. One of the 3 carbons in pyruvate will be released as carbon dioxide. The remainder is called Acetyl group that will combine to coenzyme A (co-A) and will provide Acetyl-CoA

2) It is a cyclical metabolic pathway occurs in mitochondria matrix

3)  During this cycle the carbon atom from glucose that entered to the glycolysis will be oxidized.

4) This cycle has made of 9 step reactions with following names   :         

Reaction 1: condensation

Reaction 2 and 3: Isomerization

Reaction 4:  The first Oxidation

Reaction 5: The second Oxidation

Reaction 6: Substrate- level phosphorylation

Reaction 7: The third Oxidation

Reaction 8 and 9:  Regeneration of oxaloacetate and the fourth Oxidation

5) For each glucose, 2 acetyl-CoA will enter the kerbs cycle that carries 2 carbons

6) Acetyl will react to oxaloacetate to produce citrate (6 carbon molecule)  

7) This molecule (citrate) will go through 5 series of reactions and 4 carbon molecules called succinate will be forms. 2 of the reactions are oxidation reaction and will release 2 carbon dioxides. 2 of the reactions are reduction reactions which produce NADH from reduction of NAD.

8) In the 6^th stage, ATP will be produced by (substrate-level phosphorylation). In this process phosphate group replace CoA and substrate succinct will bound to the enzyme. Phosphate will be added to (GTP) and terminal of (GTP) will be transferred to ADP to produce ATP. In somce cells, cell will use GTP to make their own energy.

9) 2 of the actions that will take place from stage 7-9 are oxidation. These electrons will be used to produce ATP in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. This reaction is coupled to reduction of NAD to form NADH and FAD to form FADH₂.

10) The last product of all of the reactions is oxaloacetate. It will be ready to react to more Acetyl-CoA that will be entered the kerbs cycle.